Apr 01, 2020 solar cell converts light energy into the electrical energy. Kesterite, or czts, is a quaternary sulfide containing copper cu, zinc zn, tin sn, and sulfur s with the formula i 2 iiiiiiv 4. Im a presentation for chm 402 lab training projectiv under guidance of. The photoelectrochemical solar cell pec cell was constructed using the annealed czts thin film and exhibited an efficiency of 0. A czts solar cell device having conversion efficiency of 0. The modern inventive engineering, growth and campaigner cell efficiencies of 16. Worlds highest efficiency rating achieved for czts thinfilm solar cells.
Beyond 8% ultrathin kesterite cu2znsns4 solar cells by. Scientists at swansea university in wales uk have shown that cu2znsns,se4 czts, which is based on earthabundant elements, could potentially be an alternative to conventional cuin,gase2 cigs in solar cells cztsbased solar cells are currently much less efficient than cigs devises12. Unsw takes out czts efficiency world record pv magazine. Ultra thin cu2znsns4 solar cell prepared by pulsed laser deposition 96. The solar cell efficiency in czts was increased to 5. It utilizes photovoltaic effect to convert light energy into electrical energy. May 06, 20 a small, prototype solar cell that uses czts, a photovoltaic semiconductor that university of utah metallurgists produced in an old microwave oven that once heated student lunches. Aug 26, 2015 conclusion in the czts solar cell development, significant progress on this relatively new research area has been achieved in recent years. Many different solar cell technologies are being developed, for various applications rooftops, solar power plants, satellites, backpacks or clothing, etc. Although this is basically a junction diode, but constructionally it is littlebit different form conventyional pn junction diode. Numerical device simulation of carbon nanotube contacted czts.
The first thing to consider in choosing the best possible solar cell. Numerical device simulation of carbon nanotube contacted. Demonstrated efficiencies of up to 6,8% as well as use of cheap and. Since the report of a 10% efficient solar cell made from cu2znsns,se4 in 2010, interest in the field exploded and there. Jul 18, 2014 czts thin films were then assembled into the solar cells and their properties as absorber layer were optimized by varying both composition and thickness. Fabrication of thin film czts solar cells with pulsed.
Cu2znsns4 czts quaternary compound has attracted much attention in the last years as new abundant, low cost and nontoxic material, with desirable properties for thin film photovoltaic pv applications. Each of the first three quarters of the subcontract has been detailed in quarterly reports. Suryawanshi mp, agawane gl, bhosale sm, shin sw, patil ps, kim jh et al. Czts have three major advantages over the commercially available solar cells of today. Combining with above chemical analysis results, we suspect that change of the. A small, prototype solar cell that uses czts, a photovoltaic semiconductor that university of utah metallurgists produced in an old microwave oven that once heated student lunches. Hillhouse, and rakesh agrawal, school of chemical engineering and the energy center, purdue university, west lafayette, indiana 47906, united states, and school of materials engineering and birck nanotechnology center. Dec 15, 2012 the typical czts thin film when used as an absorber layer in the solar cell configuration exhibits an opencircuit voltage v oc of 700 mv, a shortcircuit current j sc of 10. Researchers at the university of new south wales unsw have achieved a world record conversion efficiency of 7.
The cigsonglass cell requires a layer of molybdenum to create an effective electrode. Champion efficiency of czts thin film solar cell tfsc has reached 8. The czts thin film sample was put on the area of target and etched by using rf magnetron sputtering for different time to get different indepth for czts thin films. The jv characteristics of the cztsbased thin film solar cells through diwsoaking process were measured using a solar simulator under air mass am 1. Conclusion in the czts solar cell development, significant progress on this relatively new research area has been achieved in recent years. Greenb and yexiang liua aschool of metallurgical science and engineering, central south university, changsha 410083, china.
Al, is replaced by a thin layer of singlewall carbon nanotubes bundle with a honeycomb network. The amorphous word with respect to solar cell means that the comprising silicon material of the cell lacks a definite arrangement of atoms in the lattice, noncrystalline structure, or. This may be caused by the recombination process at the contact back of the solar cell. An electron microscopy image of a thin film solar cell based on the material cuin,gase 2 cigs is shown in fig. High conversion efficency of asicsi heterojunction. Czts, combining optimal band gap and low lattice mismatch, is. In this work, czts thin films were grown using two different processes, based on vacuum deposition of precursors, followed by a heat treatment in sulphur atmosphere. Apr 27, 2016 researchers at the university of new south wales unsw have achieved a world record conversion efficiency of 7. Studies of compositional dependent czts thin film solar.
In order to achieve higher solar cell efficiencies for this material, a. Cdte solar cells have the potential to undercut the costs of electricity generated by other technologies, if the opencircuit voltage can be increased beyond 1 v without significant decreases in. This time i started with a clean install of mac os 10. Growth of cztsbased monograins and their application to.
The presence of the mos 2 layer at the interface between czts and mo back contact could also be responsible for high. To explore the possibility of cu2znsns4 cztssi based tandem solar cells, the. The energy conversion efficiency of cztse solar cells has reached. Growth of czts based monograins and their application to membrane solar cells 291 the mgls combine the high photoelectrical parameters of single crystals and the advan tages of polycrystalline materials and technologies, that is, low cost and simple technology. Nanostructured ptype czts thin films prepared by facile solution process for 3d pn junction solar cells. A similar method has been successfully employed for producing czts nanoparticles for solar cell applications, with a device efficiency up to 10. Czts has numerous advantages that could lead to its massive use as an abundant, nontoxic, lowcost absorber for thinfllm photovoltaic solar cells. The first thing to consider in choosing the best possible solar cell is its efficiency in converting sunlight to electricity.
Figure 17 circuit diagram of a solar cell including the shunt resistance24 figure 18 cross section of a typical cigs solar cell 26 figure 19 czts thinfilm devices. The first kesterite solar cell was built with vacuum techniques by katagiri et al. This extra layer isnt necessary in the cigsonfoil cell because the metal foil acts as the electrode. It was possible to read all of the papers in the field. Notice that there are two basic configurations of the cigs solar cell. Czts was first created in 1966 and was later shown to exhibit the photovoltaic effect in 1988. Bjorkman, combining strong interface recombination with bandgap. Where the electrical properties of binary and ternary semiconductors have been studied for years 17, 18, 19, those of czts have been investigated more recently 20, 21, especially taking. Ibms material sciences team has reached a new level of efficiency for a thin film solar cell made from the easily accessible materials copper, zinc, tin, and selenium, known as czts. The overwhelming majority of solar cells are fabricated from silicon with increasing efficiency and lowering cost as the materials range from amorphous noncrystalline to polycrystalline to. Studies of compositional dependent czts thin film solar cells. Firstly, cds buffer layer was deposited on prepared cztsmoslg at 80. So, it is necessary to calculate the influence of work function on the heterojunction solar cell.
In this work we have simulated czts thin film solar cell using solar cell capacitance simulator scaps. Fundamental properties of solar cells, principles and. Dr xiaojing hao centre and her czts solar cell group at the unsw school of photovoltaic and renewable energy engineering. Shedding light on new frontiers of solar cell semiconductors. Fabrication of cu 2 znsnse 4 thinfilm solar cells by a. Pdf thickness optimization of various layers of czts solar cell.
Current challenges and future prospects for a highly. Kesterite cu2znsns4 czts solar cells have recently emerged as a promising. Synthesis and characterization of kesterite cu2znsns4 czts thin films for solar cell application mohamed m. Ibm has an active research department in this area and recently announced a czts based solar cell that had a conversion efficiency of 11. Here, we report a cdfree czts solar cell that exhibits 2019 energy and environmental science hot articles. However, the contrary was true for cdfree czts solar cell. All the aspects presented in this chapter will be discussed in greater detail in the following chapters. In addition to the absorber and contact layers, electrical contacting is needed, either to contact individual cells or to form monolithically integrated.
The swansea team is now using raman mapping analysis to explore how to improve the performance of cztsbased solar cells. Ultrathin cu2znsns4 solar cell prepared by pulsed laser deposition 96. Experimental study of cu2znsns4 thin films for solar cells. Many notions presented in this chapter will be new but nonetheless the general idea of how a solar cell works should be clear. Thickness optimization of various layers of czts solar cell jntm2014 h. Sputtering of precursors for cu2znsns4 solar cells.
Materials science and engineering for energy systems. Properties of high efficiency cigs thinfilm solar cells. The series resistance of a solar cell device depends on the quality of the tco layer, top electrode, and the electronic nature of the bottom mo czts contact wang et al. Raman mapping analysis to improve czts solar cells solar. It is a compound whose intrinsic point defects lead to p. Solar frontiers previous record for a czts cell was 11. Czts thin film solar cells the science behind the research kesterite cu 2 znsns 4 czts materials have direct band gap energies ranging from 1. Pdf nanostructured ptype czts thin films prepared by facile. Sputtering of precursors for cu2znsns4 solar cells and application.
Therefore, asi amorphous solar cell is comparatively cheaper and widely available. Doctoral school in materials science and engineering cuu 2 zznnssnnss. Solutionbased synthesis and characterization of cu2znsns4. Nontoxic and cheap thinfilm solar cells for zeroenergy buildings. The working principle of a solar cell in this chapter we present a very simple model of a solar cell. Unsw takes lead in race for nontoxic, thinfilm solar cells. Czts thin films were then assembled into the solar cells and their properties as absorber layer were optimized by varying both composition and thickness. Cell number3432302826 j sc macm 2 0 10 20 30 40 cell number 85 80 75 70 65 fill factor % 0 10 20 30 40 cell number fig. Characterization of a czts thin film solar cell grown by. Dec 10, 20 solar frontiers previous record for a czts cell was 11.
Similar results table 9 have also been observed for czts solar cell. E ce v in the czts and cztsebased heterojunctions to be used for solar cell applications heterojunction. Cell 1 absorber thickness w, is made from a direct bandgap semiconductor material, characterized by its bandgap eg, absorption coef. Mar 21, 2012 an electron microscopy image of a thin film solar cell based on the material cuin,gase 2 cigs is shown in fig. Czts samples produced from stacked evaporated precursors allowed achieving a maximum efficiency of 3. Effects of sulfurization temperature on czts thin film solar. It was initially considered as an adsorbing material in thinfilm solar cells to replace cuin,gase 2 cigs, whose. Solar frontier breaks czts cell efficiency record pv. Cell 1 absorber thickness w, is made from a direct bandgap semiconductor material. Abusnina university of denver follow this and additional works at. The layers that make up the two nonsilicon thin film solar cells are shown below. Czts thin film solar cells institute for materials. Czts has kesterite structure and the compositions formula is cu 2 znsnsse 4.
Czts solar cell thesis writing every few years, i give my laptop a fresh start and remove all the debris applications, libraries, updates that have built up. Due to these reasons, i think that this is a huge innovation and is an important topic for engineers to discuss. Experimental study of cu2znsns4 thin films for solar cells hendrik flammersberger cu2znsns4 czts is a semiconductor with a direct band gap of about 1,5 ev and an absorption coefficient of 104 cm1, and is for this reason a potential thin film solar cell material. Thickness optimization of various layers of czts solar cell. Solar frontier and ibm to develop czts cell pv magazine. The efficiency decreased with the decrease of the ration of zn to sn for cdbased czts solar cell. Pdf effect of czts parameters on photovoltaic solar cell from. Cdfree cu2znsns4 solar cell with an efficiency greater than 10. Nanolayers of graphene and nanotubes have become the attractive materials as the front or back electrodes in thin film solar cells. Photoluminescence investigation of cu thin film solar cells. I feel sorry for any new graduate student beginning a project from a web of science search for kesterite or czts solar cell with 1155 results 28th may 2015. Dec 11, 20 solar frontier announced on tuesday that it had set a new conversion efficiency record for czts solar cells measuring 0. The cbo at absorberbuffer interface plays a significant role in solar cell performance and the highest cztsbased solar cell efficiency is obtained within the range of. Cu2znsns4 czts solar cell based on a rapid hightemperature process after sulfurization achieved a high open circuit voltage of 722 mv and the best efficiency 3.
Currently, thinfilm photovoltaic cells like cdte are used mainly in large solar power farms, as the cadmium toxicity makes them unsuitable for residential systems, while cigs cells is more commonly used in japan on rooftops. Cu 2znsns 4 czts, having the kesterite structure, is one of the most promising absorber layer candidates for low cost thin film solar cells, because of its suitable direct band gap between 1. Ibm sets new efficiency mark for abundant material solar cell. Thickness optimization of various layers of czts solar cell h. However, the elemental constituents of czts are not only earthabundant, but also nontoxic, which makes czts a very attractive candidate for the fabrication of solar cells on a large scale.
Enhancing the cu2znsns4 solar cell efficiency by back contact. Aug 21, 2012 ibms material sciences team has reached a new level of efficiency for a thin film solar cell made from the easily accessible materials copper, zinc, tin, and selenium, known as czts. Interfacial properties of czts thin film solar cell. The working principle of a solar cell tu delft ocw.
Czts also has near ideal properties for solar photovoltaics, as it is a very strong absorber and has a band gap of around 1. Part of the electrical and computer engineering commons, and the materials science and engineering commons recommended citation. The interfacial properties of device were characterized by crosssectional sem and crosssectional hrtem. Energy conversion efficiency, costeffectiveness, and longterm durability. Solar cell, also called photovoltaic cell, any device that directly converts the energy of light into electrical energy through the photovoltaic effect. We propose a novel thinfilm solar cell structure in which the traditional transparent conductive oxide electrode, zno. Mar 31, 2017 cztsbased solar cells are currently much less efficient than cigs devises12. White et al tandem solar cells based on highefficiency csi bottom cells 209 fig. Cdte solar cells with opencircuit voltage breaking the 1.
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